Pretreatment:

Two purification steps are carried out to protect the reverse osmosis membrane. The hardness stabilizing cartridge prevents the precipitation of hardness-formers on the membrane. The second step removes free chlorine and particles.

Reverse osmosis membrane:

The high performance reverse osmosis membrane removes approx. 98 % of inorganic ions and 99 % of all dissolved organic substances, microorganisms and particles.

High purity water cartridge:

This cartridge further purifies the reverse osmosis permeate to produce high-purity water of the 0.067 – 0.1 µS/cm quality that is required by international standards (ASTM II, CAP, ISO 3696, BS 3997 and CLSI, previously NCCLS, Type 1).

UV Lamp (UPW version only):

The 254 nm UV transmission ensures optimal UV irradiation. Light of wavelength 254 nm acts germicidal.

Recirculation:

Recirculation of the water between the storage tank and Pacific UPW is an important improvement for maintenance of the water quality. The recirculation path is from the storage tank is through the high purity water cartridge and the UV chamber, then back to the tank.